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This paper introduces the design and study of a novel super wide band antenna having a bandwidth ratio of up to 115.10:1. Attaining these fundamental theoretical limits is of extreme importance in today’s competitive world, considering the increasing demand for compact antennas with large bandwidth so as to enable an extensive functionality in modern wireless appliances 8. In the end, such regulations are governed by some specific theoretical factors.
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Especially, the UWB and SWB based applications pose a significant challenge due to the exceedingly stringent regulations about efficiency, size and bandwidth. These systems and continuing development of wireless gadgets will keep challenging the community to produce smaller and smarter multi-functional antennas on a persistent basis 6, 7. Such miniature devices involving mobile phones, global positioning system (GPS) systems and radio frequency identification (RFID) equipment necessitate efficient antennas that are small in size.
#Cst microwave studio wikipedia portable
The requirement of an increased number of multi-functional systems in today’s contemporary world boosts the demand for compact portable terminals further. Miniaturized and versatile antennas have an escalating demand, ever since the introduction of radio frequency (RF) based wireless communications. Antenna miniaturization is a substantial and fascinating topic in the fields related to the electromagnetic and microwave engineering. Advancement in electronic and communication technologies has facilitated the development of miniaturized, efficient and smart antenna systems 4, 5. SWB indicates a ratio bandwidth equals to or higher than 10:1 which means a larger frequency range compared to the decade bandwidth 3.Īntenna is an essential part of communication systems, and it is a fundamental element of UWB and SWB radio technology. Defining the ratio as R = f H/ f L, the ratio bandwidth can also be expressed as BR = R: 1. Considering BW as nominal bandwidth which is the difference between the maximum ( f H) and minimum ( f L) frequencies at -10 dB, the ratio bandwidth can be described as: BR = BW/ f L. The most widely used definitions of bandwidth in the antenna community are the ratio and the percent bandwidth. Moreover, SWB offers an increased channel capacity, greater time-accuracy and a superior resolution in comparison to that of the UWB 2. Super wide band technology is far more advantageous than the narrow band, and it contains all the advanced characteristics of UWB.
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However, there has been a recent trend to utilize the super wideband (SWB) range which can offer a pervasive service by covering both short and long-range data transmission 1. Wireless personal area network (WPAN) based applications have a great demand for ultra-wideband (UWB) frequency band. Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) radio technology has the ability to provide an exceedingly high data rate wireless communication over a short distance.
#Cst microwave studio wikipedia Patch
The designed antenna with thinner patch metallization height is practically fabricated and measured up to 67 GHz using Vector Network Analyzer to provide experimental validation. This eventually offers the maximized bandwidth with the most compact size for an SWB antenna. A comparison with the fundamental theories by Chu and Mclean illustrates that the designed SWB antenna electrical size exceeds Mclean and nearly touches the Chu fundamental limit curve. Using this principle, the antenna impedance bandwidth is augmented while a reduction in electrical size is achieved. By enhancing the patch height, the antenna spherical volume is utilized more efficiently. The designed antenna operating band with thinner height starts from 1.65 to 160 GHz while with the added patch metallic height, the antenna operates from a minimum of 1.39 to 160 GHz with an average nominal bandwidth of more than 158 GHz. The proposed antenna achieves a huge frequency range with a ratio bandwidth starting from 96.96:1 to as high as 115.10: 1. The designed antenna is then modified by enhancing the copper patch with an additional layer of 28.5 mm thickness. The antenna is designed on a material with permittivity, ε r = 3 where the patch metallization height is maintained as 0.035 mm. This paper investigates the design and practical implementation of a Super Wide Band (SWB) antenna along with the application of fundamental bandwidth limitation theory of small antennas in the proposed design.